持久化消息和非持久化消息的发送策略
- 消息同步发送和异步发送
- ActiveMQ支持同步、异步两种发送模式将消息发送到broker上。
- 同步发送过程中,发送者发送一条消息会阻塞直到broker反馈一个确认消息,表示消息已经被broker处理。
- 这个机制提供了消息的安全性保障,但是由于是阻塞的操作,会影响到客户端消息发送的性能
- 异步发送的过程中,发送者不需要等待broker提供反馈,所以性能相对较高。但是可能会出现消息丢失的情况。
- 所以使用异步发送的前提是在某些情况下允许出现数据丢失的情况。
- 默认情况下,非持久化消息是异步发送的,持久化消息并且是在非事务模式下是同步发送的。
- 但是在开启事务的情况下,消息都是异步发送。由于异步发送的效率会比同步发送性能更高。
- 所以在发送持久化消息的时候,尽量去开启事务会话。
- 除了持久化消息和非持久化消息的同步和异步特性以外,我们还可以通过以下几种方式来设置异步发送
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ConnectionFactory connectionFactory= new ActiveMQConnectionFactory("tcp://192.168.11.153:61616?jms.useAsyncSend=true");((ActiveMQConnectionFactory) connectionFactory).setUseAsyncSend(true);((ActiveMQConnection)connection).setUseAsyncSend(true);
ProducerWindowSize的含义
- producer每发送一个消息,统计一下发送的字节数,当字节数达到ProducerWindowSize值时,需要等待broker的确认,才能继续发送。
- 主要用来约束在异步发送时producer端允许积压的(尚未ACK)的消息的大小,且只对异步发送有意义。
- 每次发送消息之后,都将会导致memoryUsage大小增加(+message.size),当broker返回producerAck时,memoryUsage尺寸减少(producerAck.size,此size表示先前发送消息的大小)。
- 可以通过如下2种方式设置:
- 在brokerUrl中设置: "tcp://localhost:61616?jms.producerWindowSize=1048576",这种设置将会对所有的producer生效。
- 在destinationUri中设置: "test-queue?producer.windowSize=1048576",此参数只会对使用此Destination实例的producer有效,将会覆盖brokerUrl中的producerWindowSize值。
- 注意:此值越大,意味着消耗Client端的内存就越大。
消息发送的源码分析
- 以producer.send为入口
public void send(Destination destination, Message message, int deliveryMode, int priority, long timeToLive, AsyncCallback onComplete) throws JMSException { checkClosed(); //检查session的状态,如果session以关闭则抛异常 if (destination == null) { if (info.getDestination() == null) { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("A destination must be specified."); } throw new InvalidDestinationException("Don't understand null destinations"); } ActiveMQDestination dest; if (destination.equals(info.getDestination())) {//检查destination的类型,如果符合要求,就转变为 ActiveMQDestination dest = (ActiveMQDestination) destination; } else if (info.getDestination() == null) { dest = ActiveMQDestination.transform(destination); } else { throw new UnsupportedOperationException("This producer can only send messages to: " + this.info.getDestination().getPhysicalName()); } if (dest == null) { throw new JMSException("No destination specified"); } if (transformer != null) { Message transformedMessage = transformer.producerTransform(session, this, message); if (transformedMessage != null) { message = transformedMessage; } } if (producerWindow != null) {//如果发送窗口大小不为空,则判断发送窗口的大小决定是否阻塞 try { producerWindow.waitForSpace(); } catch (InterruptedException e) { throw new JMSException("Send aborted due to thread interrupt."); } } //发送消息到broker的topic this.session.send(this, dest, message, deliveryMode, priority, timeToLive, producerWindow, sendTimeout, onComplete); stats.onMessage(); }
ActiveMQSession的send方法
protected void send(ActiveMQMessageProducer producer, ActiveMQDestination destination, Message message, int deliveryMode, int priority, long timeToLive, MemoryUsage producerWindow, int sendTimeout, AsyncCallback onComplete) throws JMSException { checkClosed(); if (destination.isTemporary() && connection.isDeleted(destination)) { throw new InvalidDestinationException("Cannot publish to a deleted Destination: " + destination); } synchronized (sendMutex) { //互斥锁,如果一个session的多个producer发送消息到这里,会保证消息发送的有序性 // tell the Broker we are about to start a new transaction doStartTransaction();//告诉broker开始一个新事务,只有事务型会话中才会开启 TransactionId txid = transactionContext.getTransactionId();//从事务上下文中获取事务id long sequenceNumber = producer.getMessageSequence(); //Set the "JMS" header fields on the original message, see 1.1 spec section 3.4.11 message.setJMSDeliveryMode(deliveryMode);//在JMS协议头中设置是否持久化标识 long expiration = 0L;//计算消息过期时间 if (!producer.getDisableMessageTimestamp()) { long timeStamp = System.currentTimeMillis(); message.setJMSTimestamp(timeStamp); if (timeToLive > 0) { expiration = timeToLive + timeStamp; } } message.setJMSExpiration(expiration);//设置消息过期时间 message.setJMSPriority(priority);//设置消息的优先级 message.setJMSRedelivered(false);//设置消息为非重发 //将不同的消息格式统一转化为ActiveMQMessage // transform to our own message format here ActiveMQMessage msg = ActiveMQMessageTransformation.transformMessage(message, connection); msg.setDestination(destination);//设置目的地 msg.setMessageId(new MessageId(producer.getProducerInfo().getProducerId(), sequenceNumber));//生成并设置消息id // Set the message id. if (msg != message) {//如果消息是经过转化的,则更新原来的消息id和目的地 message.setJMSMessageID(msg.getMessageId().toString()); // Make sure the JMS destination is set on the foreign messages too. message.setJMSDestination(destination); } //clear the brokerPath in case we are re-sending this message msg.setBrokerPath(null); msg.setTransactionId(txid); if (connection.isCopyMessageOnSend()) { msg = (ActiveMQMessage)msg.copy(); } msg.setConnection(connection); msg.onSend();//把消息属性和消息体都设置为只读,防止被修改 msg.setProducerId(msg.getMessageId().getProducerId()); if (LOG.isTraceEnabled()) { LOG.trace(getSessionId() + " sending message: " + msg); }//如果onComplete没有设置,且发送超时时间小于0,且消息不需要反馈,且连接器不是同步发送模式,且消息非持久化或者连接器是异步发送模式//或者存在事务id的情况下,走异步发送,否则走同步发送 if (onComplete==null && sendTimeout <= 0 && !msg.isResponseRequired() && !connection.isAlwaysSyncSend() && (!msg.isPersistent() || connection.isUseAsyncSend() || txid != null)) { this.connection.asyncSendPacket(msg); if (producerWindow != null) { // Since we defer lots of the marshaling till we hit the // wire, this might not // provide and accurate size. We may change over to doing // more aggressive marshaling, // to get more accurate sizes.. this is more important once // users start using producer window // flow control. int size = msg.getSize(); producerWindow.increaseUsage(size); } } else { if (sendTimeout > 0 && onComplete==null) { this.connection.syncSendPacket(msg,sendTimeout); }else { this.connection.syncSendPacket(msg, onComplete); } } } }
ActiveMQConnection. doAsyncSendPacket
public void asyncSendPacket(Command command) throws JMSException { if (isClosed()) { throw new ConnectionClosedException(); } else { doAsyncSendPacket(command); } } private void doAsyncSendPacket(Command command) throws JMSException { try { this.transport.oneway(command); } catch (IOException e) { throw JMSExceptionSupport.create(e); } }
- 这个地方问题来了,this.transport是什么东西?在哪里实例化的?按照以前看源码的惯例来看,它肯定不是一个单纯的对象。
- 按照以往我们看源码的经验来看,一定是在创建连接的过程中初始化的。
transport的实例化过程
- 从connection=connectionFactory.createConnection();这行代码作为入口,
- 一直跟踪到ActiveMQConnectionFactory. createActiveMQConnection这个方法中。
- 代码如下:
protected ActiveMQConnection createActiveMQConnection(String userName, String password) throws JMSException { if (brokerURL == null) { throw new ConfigurationException("brokerURL not set."); } ActiveMQConnection connection = null; try { Transport transport = createTransport(); connection = createActiveMQConnection(transport, factoryStats); connection.setUserName(userName); connection.setPassword(password); configureConnection(connection); transport.start(); if (clientID != null) { connection.setDefaultClientID(clientID); } return connection; } catch (JMSException e) { // Clean up! try { connection.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { } throw e; } catch (Exception e) { // Clean up! try { connection.close(); } catch (Throwable ignore) { } throw JMSExceptionSupport.create("Could not connect to broker URL: " + brokerURL + ". Reason: " + e, e); } }
createTransport
- 调用ActiveMQConnectionFactory.createTransport方法,去创建一个transport对象。
- 构建一个URI
- 根据URL去创建一个连接TransportFactory.connect
- 默认使用的是tcp的协议
protected Transport createTransport() throws JMSException { try { URI connectBrokerUL = brokerURL; String scheme = brokerURL.getScheme(); if (scheme == null) { throw new IOException("Transport not scheme specified: [" + brokerURL + "]"); } if (scheme.equals("auto")) { connectBrokerUL = new URI(brokerURL.toString().replace("auto", "tcp")); } else if (scheme.equals("auto+ssl")) { connectBrokerUL = new URI(brokerURL.toString().replace("auto+ssl", "ssl")); } else if (scheme.equals("auto+nio")) { connectBrokerUL = new URI(brokerURL.toString().replace("auto+nio", "nio")); } else if (scheme.equals("auto+nio+ssl")) { connectBrokerUL = new URI(brokerURL.toString().replace("auto+nio+ssl", "nio+ssl")); } return TransportFactory.connect(connectBrokerUL); } catch (Exception e) { throw JMSExceptionSupport.create("Could not create Transport. Reason: " + e, e); } }
TransportFactory.connect
public static Transport connect(URI location) throws Exception { TransportFactory tf = findTransportFactory(location); return tf.doConnect(location); }
TransportFactory. findTransportFactory
- 从TRANSPORT_FACTORYS这个Map集合中,根据scheme去获得一个TransportFactory指定的实例对象
- 如果Map集合中不存在,则通过TRANSPORT_FACTORY_FINDER去找一个并且构建实例
这个地方又有点类似于我们之前所学过的SPI的思想吧?
- 他会从METAINF/services/org/apache/activemq/transport/ 这个路径下,
- 根据URI组装的scheme去找到匹配的class对象并且实例化,
- 所以根据tcp为key去对应的路径下可以找到TcpTransportFactory
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class=org.apache.activemq.transport.tcp.TcpTransportFactory
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public static TransportFactory findTransportFactory(URI location) throws IOException { String scheme = location.getScheme(); if (scheme == null) { throw new IOException("Transport not scheme specified: [" + location + "]"); } TransportFactory tf = TRANSPORT_FACTORYS.get(scheme); if (tf == null) { // Try to load if from a META-INF property. try { tf = (TransportFactory)TRANSPORT_FACTORY_FINDER.newInstance(scheme); TRANSPORT_FACTORYS.put(scheme, tf); } catch (Throwable e) { throw IOExceptionSupport.create("Transport scheme NOT recognized: [" + scheme + "]", e); } } return tf; }
调用TransportFactory.doConnect去构建一个连接
public Transport doConnect(URI location) throws Exception { try { Mapoptions = new HashMap (URISupport.parseParameters(location)); if( !options.containsKey("wireFormat.host") ) { options.put("wireFormat.host", location.getHost()); } WireFormat wf = createWireFormat(options); Transport transport = createTransport(location, wf);//创建一个Transport,创建一个socket连接 -> 终于找到真相了 Transport rc = configure(transport, wf, options);options);//配置configure,这个里面是对Transport做链路包装 //remove auto IntrospectionSupport.extractProperties(options, "auto."); if (!options.isEmpty()) { throw new IllegalArgumentException("Invalid connect parameters: " + options); } return rc; } catch (URISyntaxException e) { throw IOExceptionSupport.create(e); } }
configure
public Transport configure(Transport transport, WireFormat wf, Map options) throws Exception { //组装一个复合的transport,这里会包装两层,一个是IactivityMonitor.另一个是WireFormatNegotiator transport = compositeConfigure(transport, wf, options); transport = new MutexTransport(transport); //再做一层包装,MutexTransport transport = new ResponseCorrelator(transport); //包装ResponseCorrelator return transport;}
到目前为止,这个transport实际上就是一个调用链了,他的链结构为
- ResponseCorrelator(MutexTransport(WireFormatNegotiator(InactivityMonitor(TcpTransport()))
每一层包装表示什么意思呢?
- ResponseCorrelator 用于实现异步请求。
- MutexTransport 实现写锁,表示同一时间只允许发送一个请求
- WireFormatNegotiator 实现了客户端连接broker的时候先发送数据解析相关的协议信息,比如解析版本号,是否使用缓存等
- InactivityMonitor 用于实现连接成功成功后的心跳检查机制,客户端每10s发送一次心跳信息。服务端每30s读取一次心跳信息。
同步发送和异步发送的区别
- 在ResponseCorrelator的request方法中,需要通过response.getResult去获得broker的反馈,否则会阻塞
public Object request(Object command, int timeout) throws IOException { FutureResponse response = asyncRequest(command, null); return response.getResult(timeout); // 从future方法阻塞等待返回}
持久化消息和非持久化消息的存储原理
- 正常情况下,非持久化消息是存储在内存中的,持久化消息是存储在文件中的。
- 能够存储的最大消息数据在${ActiveMQ_HOME}/conf/activemq.xml文件中的systemUsage节点
- SystemUsage配置设置了一些系统内存和硬盘容量:
- 从上面的配置我们需要get到一个结论,当非持久化消息堆积到一定程度的时候,也就是内存超过指定的设置阀值时,
- ActiveMQ会将内存中的非持久化消息写入到临时文件,以便腾出内存。
- 但是它和持久化消息的区别是,重启之后,持久化消息会从文件中恢复,非持久化的临时文件会直接删除